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Faculty of Philosophy

 

College supervision in Philosophy: a guide for supervisors

This guide has been written for the benefit of supervisors in general, and those new to teaching in Cambridge in particular.

  • Supervisions complement lectures, seminars and discussion groups by providing students with the opportunity for in-depth discussion and feedback on their writing.
  • Supervisions have two main aims: the narrow aim of preparing students for the appropriate Tripos examination; and the broader aim of developing general philosophical skills.
  • Normally, students have four supervisions over four weeks for any given paper. It is also common to provide a revision supervision on that paper in Easter term. 
  • Students write an essay each week, in response to a title and a list of readings which the supervisor provides.
  • The supervision is an opportunity to discuss their work, the topic more generally, and its relation to the paper at large.
  • Supervisions in Philosophy last one hour and take place once per week at a regular, agreed time.
  • Student attendance is compulsory. If an undergraduate regularly inconveniences you (e.g. fails to submit essays, to arrive on time or at all, etc.) you should report this to their Director of Studies as soon as possible. If an undergraduate is having severe difficulties with their work, you must report this to their Director of Studies at once.
  • If a student fails to attend a scheduled supervision without due cause, you are entitled to charge for it or reschedule at your own convenience.
  • Please ask your supervisor to request a CamCORS account for you on your appointment if you are a student within the department. They will request an account via an appropriate college for you to access and submit reports
     

Thank you for your help in supervising Philosophy undergraduates. Your contribution is central to their teaching. If you have any queries or comments, please contact the Undergraduate Co-ordinator for 2023-24: Dr. Sophie Dandelet – scd58@cam.ac.uk

September 2023
 

Topics
  • It is vital to confirm the scope and syllabus of the paper with the Director of Studies and the undergraduate concerned.
  • The syllabus is listed in the Guide to Courses, available on the Faculty website at https://www.phil.cam.ac.uk/curr-students/guide-to-courses.
  • It is impossible, and undesirable, to attempt to cover the whole range of most papers. It is best to concentrate on a substantial but compact portion of the whole. 
  • You will need to prepare a list of self-contained topics, each manageable in one week.
  • Prepare enough topics to give the undergraduate some choice of study, ideally recognising student choice whilst also charting a coherent pathway through the paper.
  • Not all topics will be lectured on in any given year but the examination will typically ask questions about topics that were covered in that year’s lectures. In deciding what topics to cover, it is advisable to consult the Lecture List https://www.phil.cam.ac.uk/curr-students/lecture-list, the reading list for the paper, and past Tripos papers.
  • Past papers can help to determine which topics regularly come up but recent changes to the reading lists and guide to courses may make previous papers an imperfect guide to what your student needs to know.
  • Advice is available from the relevant Paper Co-ordinator or from a senior member of the Faculty experienced in teaching the paper.
  • It is important to urge undergraduates to go to relevant Faculty lectures. These are designed to assist preparation for Tripos and are a particularly valuable means of bridging gaps between essay topics and of indicating general perspectives and trends. The value of a lecture course may only become clear when a student revises for the paper.
  • Students should be made aware that lecturers are invited to suggest questions to the examiners based on the content of their lecture course.
Essay questions
  • An undergraduate’s reading on a topic is framed by the essay question that you set for them at the beginning of the week. The weekly essay is to accustom undergraduates to distil their reading and thinking into a clear, concise yet rounded argument. 
  • Questions can be narrow or broad. There are advantages and disadvantages to both:

           - Narrow questions encourage focus and depth. However, they may encourage students to neglect aspects of the topic that lack direct bearing on the question.

           - Broader questions might be a better point of entry into a topic. Undergraduates tend to consult a variety of sources for the essay; the broader the question you set, the broader the preparation they will conduct. However, many first-year students may find wide-ranging questions daunting.

           - A mixture of both is generally best, with first-year students being set a slightly greater number of broad questions, more advanced students a greater number of narrow questions.

  • It is important to modify topics and questions from one year to the next in the light of feed-back from supervisees. Other supervisors may also have valuable suggestions.
Reading Lists

Reading lists and course outlines for Philosophy Tripos papers are available from the Library and from the Faculty website. Further advice can be obtained from the Director of Studies at the relevant college, from Paper Co-ordinators, and from the Undergraduate Co-ordinator.

 

  • You should supply undergraduates with a list of reading for each topic.
  • You can follow the reading lists supplied by the Faculty on its website https://www.phil.cam.ac.uk/curr-students/undergraduate-tripos-informatio... or issue your own list. The Faculty reading lists are advisory. They do not define what will be examined at the end of the year, but they are targeted to the syllabus that will be examined.
  • Only set reading that can be digested in a week. You can give the student further reading at the end of each term and in the revision term to flesh out their understanding if desired.
  • First-years in particular may need reassurance that they are not expected to read everything on a long list before they start writing an essay. Indicate important works and one or two outline texts as a starting point.
     
The essay
  • Students should submit an essay in advance so that supervisors have time to make clear, informative and constructive marginal comments on individual points as well as an overall assessment at the end of the essay.
  • It is up to supervisors whether to set a word limit for the essay. Some students and supervisors find this helpful.
  • The Faculty does not expect supervisors to grade individual essays, allowing work to be set with a view to exploring the topic of study and to developing particular skills or lines of argument, rather than to producing a piece of work for exam-style evaluation.
  • Supervisors are able to include an estimated grade in their supervision reports on CamCORS if they wish, based on a series of (e.g. 4) supervisions. This tells students how they are likely to fare on the paper as a whole on the basis of that term's work.
  • If a student does not produce an essay in time for the supervision, you are within your rights to refuse to teach until they do so. You are also within your rights to refuse to reschedule the supervision to another day, although flexibility is suggested if possible.
     
The supervision
  • There is no one way of supervising. Different approaches and tones are appropriate, depending on the skills of the student and the stage they are at in their studies. Each student needs to be treated individually.
  • Supervisors should be aware that overly hostile or exclusively negative criticism can do great damage to undergraduate morale, particularly in the first year. Criticism is an essential part of the supervision process, but should always be accompanied by acknowledgement of those things the student has done well, and suggestions as to those things they might do better. It is an essential part of good supervising practice to give regular encouragement and constructive feedback.

An undergraduate should come away from a good supervision with a clearer sense of three things:

1.    The worth of the essay submitted

  • Comment on accuracy and relevance of content; breadth and depth of analysis; structure of argument; clarity and precision of expression; and, where appropriate, style (vocabulary, syntax, punctuation, tone, etc.).
  • You will usually need to give advice on how to improve essay structure and expression.
  • It is important to encourage undergraduates to write a full plan in advance of writing the essay itself.
  • Non-native speakers, and some mature students, may need special help with their writing, but the writing skills of home students also vary enormously. Undergraduates often learn techniques and gain reassurance by reading each other’s essays. Students may find Undergraduate Writing Skills on the Faculty website useful.

2.    Coherent understanding

  • You should evaluate students' understanding of what they have read and what they have written about. Ask them about matters not covered in the essay, and make connections between what they have written and what – with more thought and/or reading - they could have written.
  • Your aim should be to clarify and broaden their understanding. Encourage them to have their own agenda and to ask you questions. It’s a good idea to end by summarising or asking them to summarise the central points of the topic, and by asking if anything is still obscure to them.
  • Students should probably take some notes in supervision and should be encouraged to collect their thoughts and commit them to paper immediately afterwards.

3.    Limits to knowledge

  • Impress upon students that, even if they have a firm grasp of the issues tackled in their supervision essay, this is likely only to represent a fraction of the material covered in the syllabus for this topic. They will need to engage in wider reading and further study in order to be adequately prepared for the exam.
  • Be aware that many undergraduates invest a great deal of themselves in coming up with the ‘right’ answer, and may take criticism in a particularly personal manner. Take care to suggest improvements in a constructive way, as well as encouraging your student to see that speculation and debate can be a productive part of the philosopher’s craft.

In general, these three goals are best pursued by discussion; a supervision is not a lecture.  Do not be embarrassed if you reduce an opinionated student to silence from time to time while forcing them to think.
 

Supervising in groups

Most philosophy supervisions are one-to-one. However, there are some attractions to holding joint supervisions:

  • Pairing undergraduates can lead to a lightening of the atmosphere and to the swapping of ideas.
  • Being taught in a group helps in developing argumentative skills.
  • It may encourage students who lack self-confidence to discover that their more forthright peers are not necessarily more acute.
     
Supervision reports and payment
  • Supervision reports and payment are managed through the CamCORS online reporting system for supervisions. To use CamCORS you will need to obtain a CamCORS Supervisor Account which can be set up for you by the Tutorial Office of the College for which you are supervising.
  • It is important to write supervision reports and submit them ten days before the end of Full Term. They are usually discussed with the undergraduate in the company of the Director of Studies and/or Tutor at an end of term meeting, so try to make helpful suggestions for improvement. Most colleges will also release the report for the students to read themselves online.
  • If you have submitted your reports promptly, you should expect to be paid by the colleges for which you have supervised within a few weeks.
     
Part IB and II submitted essays; Part II dissertations 
  • Supervision for submitted essays and dissertations is arranged through the Director of Studies.
  • The administrative arrangements, the deadline for the various stages of the application process, and guidelines on scope, format and presentation are available at http://www.phil.cam.ac.uk/curr-students/ugrads-exam-folder/ext-essays-diss.
  • If you are asked to supervise a dissertation or submitted essays it is very important to get advice from the Director of Studies or from another senior member of the department, especially on the question of whether the topic proposed is of a manageable size for the word limit.
  • It is very important to remind students that their essay will have to meet proper citation standards. Every year, examiners severely penalize several essays because they fail to properly attribute material.
     
Plagiarism
Training and Feedback for Supervisors
  • The Faculty of Philosophy has an annual series of training sessions for Research Students and Research Staff involved in undergraduate teaching. Those new to supervising are strongly encouraged to attend these sessions which take place at the beginning of October. Please contact the Faculty Office at philundergrad@phil.cam.ac.uk for details.
  • In order to improve your supervision practice you will benefit from feedback on your teaching. Although not all colleges collect such feedback systematically, Directors of Studies are often able to provide useful guidance. Don't be afraid to ask.
     
Revision Supervisions

You may be contacted by an undergraduate whom you supervised for a paper, or by the Director of Studies, to see if you will give one or two revision supervisions in the Easter Term before the Tripos examination.

  • Check with the Director of Studies before agreeing to an undergraduate request and to ensure the number of supervisions requested by the undergraduate is acceptable. Directors of Studies have to operate within a fixed budget for the academic year.
  • Get the undergraduate to write some timed essays from past Tripos papers and go through them in the supervision. Here it can be useful for the supervisor to informally give a grade to the essay.
  • You may claim payment for these supervisions in the normal way.